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<section id="nep-32-remove-the-financial-functions-from-numpy">
<span id="nep32"></span><h1>NEP 32 — Remove the financial functions from NumPy<a class="headerlink" href="#nep-32-remove-the-financial-functions-from-numpy" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h1>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Author<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>Warren Weckesser <<a class="reference external" href="mailto:warren.weckesser%40gmail.com">warren<span>.</span>weckesser<span>@</span>gmail<span>.</span>com</a>></p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Status<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>Final</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Type<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>Standards Track</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">Created<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p>2019-08-30</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-odd">Resolution<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://mail.python.org/pipermail/numpy-discussion/2019-September/080074.html">https://mail.python.org/pipermail/numpy-discussion/2019-September/080074.html</a></p>
</dd>
</dl>
<section id="abstract">
<h2>Abstract<a class="headerlink" href="#abstract" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>We propose deprecating and ultimately removing the financial functions <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id19" id="id1" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a>
from NumPy. The functions will be moved to an independent repository,
and provided to the community as a separate package with the name
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numpy_financial</span></code>.</p>
</section>
<section id="motivation-and-scope">
<h2>Motivation and scope<a class="headerlink" href="#motivation-and-scope" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>The NumPy financial functions <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id19" id="id2" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a> are the 10 functions <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fv</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ipmt</span></code>,
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">irr</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mirr</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nper</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">npv</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pmt</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ppmt</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pv</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rate</span></code>.
The functions provide elementary financial calculations such as future value,
net present value, etc. These functions were added to NumPy in 2008 <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id20" id="id3" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>2<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a>.</p>
<p>In May, 2009, a request by Joe Harrington to add a function called <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xirr</span></code> to
the financial functions triggered a long thread about these functions <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id21" id="id4" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>3<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a>.
One important point that came up in that thread is that a “real” financial
library must be able to handle real dates. The NumPy financial functions do
not work with actual dates or calendars. The preference for a more capable
library independent of NumPy was expressed several times in that thread.</p>
<p>In June, 2009, D. L. Goldsmith expressed concerns about the correctness of the
implementations of some of the financial functions <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id22" id="id5" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>4<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a>. It was suggested then
to move the financial functions out of NumPy to an independent package.</p>
<p>In a GitHub issue in 2013 <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id23" id="id6" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>5<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a>, Nathaniel Smith suggested moving the financial
functions from the top-level namespace to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numpy.financial</span></code>. He also
suggested giving the functions better names. Responses at that time included
the suggestion to deprecate them and move them from NumPy to a separate
package. This issue is still open.</p>
<p>Later in 2013 <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id24" id="id7" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>6<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a>, it was suggested on the mailing list that these functions
be removed from NumPy.</p>
<p>The arguments for the removal of these functions from NumPy:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>They are too specialized for NumPy.</p></li>
<li><p>They are not actually useful for “real world” financial calculations, because
they do not handle real dates and calendars.</p></li>
<li><p>The definition of “correctness” for some of these functions seems to be a
matter of convention, and the current NumPy developers do not have the
background to judge their correctness.</p></li>
<li><p>There has been little interest among past and present NumPy developers
in maintaining these functions.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>The main arguments for keeping the functions in NumPy are:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Removing these functions will be disruptive for some users. Current users
will have to add the new <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numpy_financial</span></code> package to their dependencies,
and then modify their code to use the new package.</p></li>
<li><p>The functions provided, while not “industrial strength”, are apparently
similar to functions provided by spreadsheets and some calculators. Having
them available in NumPy makes it easier for some developers to migrate their
software to Python and NumPy.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>It is clear from comments in the mailing list discussions and in the GitHub
issues that many current NumPy developers believe the benefits of removing
the functions outweigh the costs. For example, from <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id23" id="id8" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>5<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a>:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>The financial functions should probably be part of a separate package
-- Charles Harris
If there's a better package we can point people to we could just deprecate
them and then remove them entirely... I'd be fine with that too...
-- Nathaniel Smith
+1 to deprecate them. If no other package exists, it can be created if
someone feels the need for that.
-- Ralf Gommers
I feel pretty strongly that we should deprecate these. If nobody on numpy’s
core team is interested in maintaining them, then it is purely a drag on
development for NumPy.
-- Stephan Hoyer
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>And from the 2013 mailing list discussion, about removing the functions from
NumPy:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">I</span> <span class="n">am</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">well</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">I</span> <span class="n">don</span><span class="s1">'t think they should have been included in the first</span>
<span class="n">place</span><span class="o">.</span>
<span class="o">--</span> <span class="n">David</span> <span class="n">Cournapeau</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>But not everyone was in favor of removal:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">The</span> <span class="n">fin</span> <span class="n">routines</span> <span class="n">are</span> <span class="n">tiny</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">don</span><span class="s1">'t require much maintenance once</span>
<span class="n">written</span><span class="o">.</span> <span class="n">If</span> <span class="n">we</span> <span class="n">made</span> <span class="n">an</span> <span class="n">effort</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">putting</span> <span class="n">up</span> <span class="n">pages</span> <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">examples</span> <span class="n">of</span> <span class="n">common</span>
<span class="n">financial</span> <span class="n">calculations</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">collecting</span> <span class="n">those</span> <span class="n">under</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="n">topical</span> <span class="n">web</span> <span class="n">page</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">then</span> <span class="n">linking</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">that</span> <span class="n">page</span> <span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">various</span> <span class="n">places</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">talking</span> <span class="n">it</span> <span class="n">up</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">I</span>
<span class="n">would</span> <span class="n">think</span> <span class="n">they</span> <span class="n">could</span> <span class="n">attract</span> <span class="n">users</span> <span class="n">looking</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="n">free</span> <span class="n">way</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">play</span> <span class="k">with</span>
<span class="n">financial</span> <span class="n">scenarios</span><span class="o">.</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">So</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">I</span> <span class="n">would</span> <span class="n">say</span> <span class="n">we</span> <span class="n">keep</span> <span class="n">them</span><span class="o">.</span> <span class="n">If</span> <span class="n">ours</span> <span class="n">are</span> <span class="ow">not</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">best</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">we</span> <span class="n">should</span> <span class="n">bring</span>
<span class="n">them</span> <span class="n">up</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">snuff</span><span class="o">.</span>
<span class="o">--</span> <span class="n">Joe</span> <span class="n">Harrington</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>For an idea of the maintenance burden of the financial functions, one can
look for all the GitHub issues <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id25" id="id9" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>7<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a> and pull requests <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id26" id="id10" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>8<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a> that have the tag
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">component:</span> <span class="pre">numpy.lib.financial</span></code>.</p>
<p>One method for measuring the effect of removing these functions is to find
all the packages on GitHub that use them. Such a search can be performed
with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python-api-inspect</span></code> service <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id27" id="id11" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>9<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a>. A search for all uses of the
NumPy financial functions finds just eight repositories. (See the comments
in <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id23" id="id12" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>5<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a> for the actual SQL query.)</p>
</section>
<section id="implementation">
<h2>Implementation<a class="headerlink" href="#implementation" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Create a new Python package, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numpy_financial</span></code>, to be maintained in the
top-level NumPy github organization. This repository will contain the
definitions and unit tests for the financial functions. The package will
be added to PyPI so it can be installed with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code>.</p></li>
<li><p>Deprecate the financial functions in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numpy</span></code> namespace, beginning in
NumPy version 1.18. Remove the financial functions from NumPy version 1.20.</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="backward-compatibility">
<h2>Backward compatibility<a class="headerlink" href="#backward-compatibility" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>The removal of these functions breaks backward compatibility, as explained
earlier. The effects are mitigated by providing the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numpy_financial</span></code>
library.</p>
</section>
<section id="alternatives">
<h2>Alternatives<a class="headerlink" href="#alternatives" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>The following alternatives were mentioned in <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id23" id="id13" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>5<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a>:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><em>Maintain the functions as they are (i.e. do nothing).</em>
A review of the history makes clear that this is not the preference of many
NumPy developers. A recurring comment is that the functions simply do not
belong in NumPy. When that sentiment is combined with the history of bug
reports and the ongoing questions about the correctness of the functions, the
conclusion is that the cleanest solution is deprecation and removal.</p></li>
<li><p><em>Move the functions from the ``numpy`` namespace to ``numpy.financial``.</em>
This was the initial suggestion in <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id23" id="id14" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>5<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a>. Such a change does not address the
maintenance issues, and doesn’t change the misfit that many developers see
between these functions and NumPy. It causes disruption for the current
users of these functions without addressing what many developers see as the
fundamental problem.</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="discussion">
<h2>Discussion<a class="headerlink" href="#discussion" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>Links to past mailing list discussions, and to relevant GitHub issues and pull
requests, have already been given. The announcement of this NEP was made on
the NumPy-Discussion mailing list on 3 September 2019 <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id28" id="id15" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>10<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a>, and on the
PyData mailing list on 8 September 2019 <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id29" id="id16" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>11<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a>. The formal proposal to accept
the NEP was made on 19 September 2019 <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id30" id="id17" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>12<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a>; a notification was also sent to
PyData (same thread as <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id29" id="id18" role="doc-noteref"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>11<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></a>). There have been no substantive objections.</p>
</section>
<section id="references-and-footnotes">
<h2>References and footnotes<a class="headerlink" href="#references-and-footnotes" title="Link to this heading">#</a></h2>
<aside class="footnote-list brackets">
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id19" role="doc-footnote">
<span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>1<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>
<span class="backrefs">(<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id1">1</a>,<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id2">2</a>)</span>
<p>Financial functions,
<a class="reference external" href="https://numpy.org/doc/1.17/reference/routines.financial.html">https://numpy.org/doc/1.17/reference/routines.financial.html</a></p>
</aside>
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id20" role="doc-footnote">
<span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span><a role="doc-backlink" href="#id3">2</a><span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>
<p>NumPy-Discussion mailing list, “Simple financial functions for NumPy”,
<a class="reference external" href="https://mail.python.org/pipermail/numpy-discussion/2008-April/032353.html">https://mail.python.org/pipermail/numpy-discussion/2008-April/032353.html</a></p>
</aside>
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id21" role="doc-footnote">
<span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span><a role="doc-backlink" href="#id4">3</a><span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>
<p>NumPy-Discussion mailing list, “add xirr to numpy financial functions?”,
<a class="reference external" href="https://mail.python.org/pipermail/numpy-discussion/2009-May/042645.html">https://mail.python.org/pipermail/numpy-discussion/2009-May/042645.html</a></p>
</aside>
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id22" role="doc-footnote">
<span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span><a role="doc-backlink" href="#id5">4</a><span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>
<p>NumPy-Discussion mailing list, “Definitions of pv, fv, nper, pmt, and rate”,
<a class="reference external" href="https://mail.python.org/pipermail/numpy-discussion/2009-June/043188.html">https://mail.python.org/pipermail/numpy-discussion/2009-June/043188.html</a></p>
</aside>
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id23" role="doc-footnote">
<span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>5<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>
<span class="backrefs">(<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id6">1</a>,<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id8">2</a>,<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id12">3</a>,<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id13">4</a>,<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id14">5</a>)</span>
<p>Get financial functions out of main namespace,
<a class="github reference external" href="https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/2880">numpy/numpy#2880</a></p>
</aside>
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id24" role="doc-footnote">
<span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span><a role="doc-backlink" href="#id7">6</a><span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>
<p>NumPy-Discussion mailing list, “Deprecation of financial routines”,
<a class="reference external" href="https://mail.python.org/pipermail/numpy-discussion/2013-August/067409.html">https://mail.python.org/pipermail/numpy-discussion/2013-August/067409.html</a></p>
</aside>
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id25" role="doc-footnote">
<span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span><a role="doc-backlink" href="#id9">7</a><span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">component:</span> <span class="pre">numpy.lib.financial</span></code> issues,
<a class="github reference external" href="https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=is%3Aissue+label%3A%22component%3A+numpy.lib.financial%22+">numpy/numpy#issues</a></p>
</aside>
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id26" role="doc-footnote">
<span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span><a role="doc-backlink" href="#id10">8</a><span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">component:</span> <span class="pre">numpy.lib.financial</span></code> pull requests,
<a class="github reference external" href="https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pulls?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=is%3Apr+label%3A%22component%3A+numpy.lib.financial%22+">numpy/numpy</a></p>
</aside>
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id27" role="doc-footnote">
<span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span><a role="doc-backlink" href="#id11">9</a><span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>
<p>Quansight-Labs/python-api-inspect,
<a class="github reference external" href="https://github.com/Quansight-Labs/python-api-inspect/">Quansight-Labs/python-api-inspect</a></p>
</aside>
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id28" role="doc-footnote">
<span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span><a role="doc-backlink" href="#id15">10</a><span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>
<p>NumPy-Discussion mailing list, “NEP 32: Remove the financial functions
from NumPy”
<a class="reference external" href="https://mail.python.org/pipermail/numpy-discussion/2019-September/079965.html">https://mail.python.org/pipermail/numpy-discussion/2019-September/079965.html</a></p>
</aside>
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id29" role="doc-footnote">
<span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span>11<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>
<span class="backrefs">(<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id16">1</a>,<a role="doc-backlink" href="#id18">2</a>)</span>
<p>PyData mailing list (<a class="reference external" href="mailto:pydata%40googlegroups.com">pydata<span>@</span>googlegroups<span>.</span>com</a>), “NumPy proposal to
remove the financial functions.
<a class="reference external" href="https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/h/1w0mjgixc4rpe/?&th=16d5c38be45f77c4&q=nep+32&v=c&s=q">https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/h/1w0mjgixc4rpe/?&th=16d5c38be45f77c4&q=nep+32&v=c&s=q</a></p>
</aside>
<aside class="footnote brackets" id="id30" role="doc-footnote">
<span class="label"><span class="fn-bracket">[</span><a role="doc-backlink" href="#id17">12</a><span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>
<p>NumPy-Discussion mailing list, “Proposal to accept NEP 32: Remove the
financial functions from NumPy”
<a class="reference external" href="https://mail.python.org/pipermail/numpy-discussion/2019-September/080074.html">https://mail.python.org/pipermail/numpy-discussion/2019-September/080074.html</a></p>
</aside>
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